Malaria treatment ?

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Malaria treatment ?

Post by Bulletjie-3 »

Ok it is not mosquito time actually but which way is the safest ? I was thinking to use sleepeeze daily and should it happend then get treatment, I will only be away for 10 days. Do I gamble too much ?
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by OOOOMS »

Hi Everdt, waar gaan julle?

viewtopic.php?f=14&t=16464&hilit=malaria" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by OOOOMS »

En gebruik 'polysan'

Lees meer hier:
viewtopic.php?f=63&t=7206&p=79576&hilit=malaria#p79576" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by OOOOMS »

Polysan can be used on kids and you can also use it to test for malaria:

http://www.biomedicine.com/itemDetail.cfml?id=160" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by cheetah »

OOOOMS wrote:En gebruik 'polysan'

Lees meer hier:
viewtopic.php?f=63&t=7206&p=79576&hilit=malaria#p79576" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
Thanks Mark, just made a note in my little black book about polysan, good protection for the kits, sorry Everdt for stealing your post. :blushing:
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by OOOOMS »

cheetah wrote:
OOOOMS wrote:En gebruik 'polysan'

Lees meer hier:
viewtopic.php?f=63&t=7206&p=79576&hilit=malaria#p79576" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
Thanks Mark, just made a note in my little black book about polysan, good protection for the kits, sorry Everdt for stealing your post. :blushing:
Great, at the end of the day no pill or anti malaria stuff can prevent you from getting malaria.

But prevention is....... :!:
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by OOOOMS »

Here is some more info on Polysan, available from most homeopaths :thumbup:

http://www.sanum.com/product_info.php?p ... anguage=en" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by Mud Dog »

Drive a diesel ... the fumes will keep the mozzies at bay! :twisted: ;-)

(Actually, it works .. wipe yourself down with diesel on a rag .... no ticks / fleas / mozzies / scorpions ... even snakes will keep away. ;-) )
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by OOOOMS »

Mud Dog wrote:Drive a diesel ... the fumes will keep the mozzies at bay! :twisted: ;-)

(Actually, it works .. wipe yourself down with diesel on a rag .... no ticks / fleas / mozzies / scorpions ... even snakes will keep away. ;-) )
....and you will sleep alone.... :!: :!: :!:

Always also use something like peaceful sleep :thumbup:
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by ThysdJ »

Mud Dog wrote:(Actually, it works .. wipe yourself down with diesel on a rag .... no ticks / fleas / mozzies / scorpions ... even snakes will keep away. ;-) )
And your wife/girlfriend/skelmpie.... :twisted: :twisted: :twisted: :twisted:
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by Mud Dog »

That's for sure ... look it's not Eau d'Cologne ... smells to high heaven, but if you have nothing else ...... :D:
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by ThysdJ »

Rum & Coke... if the smell doesnt get to them then you'll at least be in no state to feel their bite... :twisted: :twisted: :twisted:
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by Hoppy »

I've tested this one, Rum and Coke does it for me :thumbup: , never had Malaria
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by george »

"The World is a book, and those who do not travel read only a page.-Saint Augustine"
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by Bulletjie-3 »

Thys dankie waar kry ek daardie voorskrif asb.
Mark begin Julie by Victoria Valle en dan Livingstone en Karibameer en so met die terugkom by Chobe bietjie op die Zambesi vaar.
Jy se daardie Polisan werk - hoe lank voor die tyd moet dit gebruik work ? Ek neem aan dit moet daagliks daar gebruik word en hoe lank nadat ons terug is ? Waar koop ek dit asb ?
Dankie nogmaals vir die info almal
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by OOOOMS »

Bulletjie-3 wrote:Thys dankie waar kry ek daardie voorskrif asb.
Mark begin Julie by Victoria Valle en dan Livingstone en Karibameer en so met die terugkom by Chobe bietjie op die Zambesi vaar.
Jy se daardie Polisan werk - hoe lank voor die tyd moet dit gebruik work ? Ek neem aan dit moet daagliks daar gebruik word en hoe lank nadat ons terug is ? Waar koop ek dit asb ?
Dankie nogmaals vir die info almal
Daar is geen behoedmiddel wat sal voorkom dat jy nie Malaria gaan kry nie, Indien jy medikasie neem sal dit die simtoom verminder en makilker 'treatable' wees. Met Polysan is daar geen 'side effects' nie, neem dosis soos voorgeskryf in die link wat bo geplaas is en konsulteer met 'n homeopaat.
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by ChrisF »

I have family that have done numerous trips into malaria areas.

As a rule they DONT use any pills, before the trips. Two years back they came back and one of the members in their party DID contract malaria ! The docters treated him for a common cold, untill asked to check for malaria .... the gent ended up spending a few days in ICU.

On the 4x4Community forum their is a young man that has contracted malaria (I DONT know if he used an medication). Diagnosed TOO LATE, and has now lost the use of both kidneys ! He will need a transplant soon.


When you come back from a malaria area and have ANY cold/flu like symptoms have yourself checked for malaria IMMEDIATELY !!
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by Dwaal »

Malaria is not to be triffled with...its a killer...and its very sneaky.

If youre gonna visit an area considered as high risk you want to approach this in three ways: protection/prevention, chemo-prophylaxis and recognition of symptoms/treatment.

To protect yourself anything from Tabard, impregnated nets or burning coils to covering up all that soft, tasty flesh during the night time when the mozzies come out to play.

The drugs that are considered effective for prophylaxis such as malanil, doxycycline and mefloquine are...well, a pain in the a@&...and they have side effects ranging from uncomfortable to debilitating. As a result many of us simply dont take them as prescribed and therefore they become useless.

Malaria presents very similar to the common cold or flu, and its generally only suspected based on your risk...ie, where you have been. Fever, muscle pains, shivers, headache, nausea and vomiting...but ANY FEVER during or within a few weeks of visiting a high risk area is important! Therefore, please take a thermometer as part of your first aid kit...

Recently a friend visited a travel clinic in CT and it seems that the new trend is rather than prophylaxis they advise taking a test kit and a course a treatment along. The treatment they provide, coarthem, is safe and will be effective against uncomplicated malaria. Its also free of serious side effects. In this case...if you feel sick and have a fever you test yourself and if positive take the course...or, if you test neg and the symptoms persist you retest in a day (the kits are cheap). If somebody contracts malaria there are a couple of important things to look out for that indicate complications: blood in the urine, convulsions/change in consciousness, trouble breathing, unusual bleeding, jaundice or anything else out of the ordinary. Complicates malaria means BIG TROUBLE if your far from decent medical services.

So, please visit a travel clinic for advice
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by Mud Dog »

Thanks for the info, Willem. Looks like sound advice! :thumbup: (Much better than the diesel tip! :lol: :lol: :lol: )
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by Dwaal »

Haha...hope I dont come across all serious.
With the current diesel price it might also be a bit cheaper
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by Mud Dog »

Nah ... it's a 'spot on' posting! :thumbup: ;-)
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by OOOOMS »

Thanks Willem, very valid points made :thumbup:

The reason we use Polysan is it has very no or no known side effects! We also use Polysan to detect malaria fortnightly when on a trip. My wife and daughter Crysten about 3 years ago contracted malaria while in Qualamaine N-Moz we managed to treat it with Polysan. (test is done by pricking the finger, 1 drop on a white plate(add aPolysan), and if the blood clots / 'stolls', you are pretty sure to have contracted the virus. You can repeat the test as many times as you wish just to make sure.

On many trips to Moz holiday makers / strangers have come to us from nowhere to have the test done, and to date has not failed.

Me not prone to mozzy bites also contracted malaria from the same place and boy-oh-boy, brought me down to the ground 10 days later. Luckily my wife carries half the pharmacy along and I was treated with Coathem. Not nice having the virus, believe me I was out for 4 days, thinking it was the end!!!

So make sure you are prepared going into a 'red' area :wink2: :wink2:
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by Scooter »

Apparently this stuff works great to prep clothes.........

http://www.hhltechnology.org/vital-prot ... i-mosquito
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by OOOOMS »

Scooter wrote:Apparently this stuff works great to prep clothes.........

http://www.hhltechnology.org/vital-prot ... i-mosquito
Good to know tx Scott :thumbup:
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by Bulletjie-3 »

Thanks for the response I will visit a travel clinic aswell. One need a geelkoors inspuiting aswell 10 days before entering SA borders back.
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by OOOOMS »

Bulletjie-3 wrote:Thanks for the response I will visit a travel clinic aswell. One need a geelkoors inspuiting aswell 10 days before entering SA borders back.
Nope! Not for Bots, Moz, Zim, Malawi and Zam.
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by george »

Thanks for the advice Willem.Where is the closest Travel Clinic in the Northern Subs.I am going to Kariba in July and just realised that the lake is a malaria area :o:

Mark where do you get Polysan?
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by OOOOMS »

OOOOMS wrote:
Bulletjie-3 wrote:Thys dankie waar kry ek daardie voorskrif asb.
Mark begin Julie by Victoria Valle en dan Livingstone en Karibameer en so met die terugkom by Chobe bietjie op die Zambesi vaar.
Jy se daardie Polisan werk - hoe lank voor die tyd moet dit gebruik work ? Ek neem aan dit moet daagliks daar gebruik word en hoe lank nadat ons terug is ? Waar koop ek dit asb ?
Dankie nogmaals vir die info almal
Daar is geen behoedmiddel wat sal voorkom dat jy nie Malaria gaan kry nie, Indien jy medikasie neem sal dit die simtoom verminder en makilker 'treatable' wees. Met Polysan is daar geen 'side effects' nie, neem dosis soos voorgeskryf in die link wat bo geplaas is en konsulteer met 'n homeopaat.
George hier, most / all have it, if you battle I can organize some for you!
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by george »

Dankie Mark Ek moet dalk beter lees.Sal met ons homeopaat gesels :thumbup:
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by Mountain Man »

Willem had some good advice.

I lived in Zambia for 6 years and have had malaria about 12 times (including when I didn't live in Zambia). The advice we always got was to NOT take prophylaxis but to rather treat the Malaria symptoms. The reasoning behind this was because some of the prophylaxis masks the symptoms of the malaria. By the time you realise you have malaria it is in the advanced stages and can turn to cerebral malaria, this is the killer. The other reason we never took prophylaxis was because of the side effects of the drugs, to take this sort of drug long term can be a problem.

HOWEVER!
If you are going on a holiday and will only be in the area for a few weeks, it would be better to take some sort of prophylaxis as the side effects will be limited as your exposure to the drugs is only for a short time.

PREVENTION:
Remember it is the female anopheles mosquito that transmits the malaria parasite. Normally this mosquito is most active in the early morning (2am - 5am) but you are always at risk even in the day time. You are most at risk in built up areas because the mosquito will get the parasite from other humans and spread it that way.

Cover up, spray, coils, mesh on windows, etc will all help one avoid malaria.

But at the end of the day the only thing that can assure you don't get malaria is to not go to a malaria area.
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by Dwaal »

That Polysan sounds very interesting, never heard of it before...its always nice to find an alternative to the traditional poisons

@george: I'm not sure about the northern 'burbs, but the one I'm aware of is in Claremont if I'm not mistaken, in the area around Cavendish. Maybe Mr. Google can help you find something closer. This CT weather makes me wish I was in a malaria area right about now...
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by Doom »

Dit wat hier geskryf word is baie nuttig en van groot waarde, MITS dit wel gedoen word. Meeste van die medikasie bepaal dat dit 'n tydperk vooraf gebruik moet word, terwyl jy in die malaria gebied is en ook 'n tydperk daarna (as ek dit reg het 4 weke).
Nou die probleem kom in dat wanneer jy terug is van die trippie, dan word die voorkomings-medikasie gewoonlik gestaak, want jy is mos nou nie meer in 'n risiko gebied nie. Dis hier waar die moelikheid begin.
Sou jy die medikasie so gebruik, onderdruk dit net die simptome en toets die malaria negatief totdat dit 'n erge graad bereik en dit ernstige gevolge tot gevolg het - dikwels die dood.

So my punt: gebruik die goed soos wat dit gebruik moet word vir solank as wat dit gebruik moet word - die volle tyd.
Ek kry gereeld mense wat hier (Windhoek) in die hospitale le (in ICU) wat ek moet gaan besoek agv malaria en 9/10 keer is bg. die rede daarvoor. Hier is nou weer 'n jong man (22jr.) in die hospitaal met malaria. Hy was in die Kongo en le nou al vanaf 26 April (gaan nou vir sy 7de week) hier in ICU, vol gesideer en op die ventilator gekoppel, omdat die malaria sy longe verhard het en daar le 'n nog langer pad van herstel voorentoe...
Moenie dit ligtelik opneem en kanse vat nie. Dis nie die risiko werd nie.

Maar tog - geniet jou trip en laat weet hoe het dit gegaan!
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by Bulletjie-3 »

Dankie Willem maak so ja lyk my dis defenitief nie iets om mee te speel nie.
Dankie aan almal.
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by Bulletjie-3 »

Take note - for Zambia geelkoors vaccine is required.
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by rebuilder »

Just got back from a trip to Malawi and used lots of tabard and meflium. No symptoms yet :thumbup: and will give a trip report as soon as i sort all the pics.
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by Mud Dog »

will give a trip report as soon as i sort all the pics.
Sounds promising, Chris :thumbup: .... looking forward to it. Glad you guys are back safely! ;-)
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by OOOOMS »

Bulletjie-3 wrote:Take note - for Zambia geelkoors vaccine is required.
:eh:
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/ ... categories" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
Country Yellow Fever Vaccine Requirements CDC Yellow Fever Vaccine Recommendations
Zambia Not required

Generally not recommended for travelers going to the North West and Western Provinces.

Not recommended in all other areas not listed above.

Quite confusing about this regulation.....

Yellow Fever Vaccination Newsflash 1/6/11

Subject: Yellow fever vaccination recommendations: Africa

The WHO has revised the Yellow Fever (YF) vaccination recommendations for Africa. However, the South African Department of Health has issued the following information regarding the requirements for travellers from and to South Africa:

Tanzania: Returning travellers from South Africa to Tanzania and those from Tanzania travelling to South Africa will require proof of YF vaccination.
Zambia: Returning travellers from South Africa to Zambia and travellers from Zambia to South Africa will now require proof of YF vaccination. Previously, proof of YF vaccination was not required.
In-transit passengers, irrespective of the time period in-transit, will still require proof of YF vaccination.

South African Society of Travel Medicine (SASTM)
Phone: +27 (011) 025 3297
Fax: +27 087 9411350 / 1
E-mail: admin@sastm.org.za
Website: http://www.sastm.org.za" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
Postal address: SASTM, PO Box 8216, Greenstone, 1616, South Africa
Physical address: SASTM, 27 Linksfield Road Block 2 a Dunvegan Edenvale
Registered as a Nonprofit Organisation 063-296-NPO
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by george »

We where advise the a YF shot was not necessary for Zambia. :problem:
How long is a YF shot valid for?
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by Bulletjie-3 »

Thanks Mark maar jy is op die bol he.
George I am going to the travel clinic tommorrow and find out. This requirement came into affect about 3 weeks ago. YF shot about R380
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by OOOOMS »

Bulletjie-3 wrote:Thanks Mark maar jy is op die bol he.
George I am going to the travel clinic tommorrow and find out. This requirement came into affect about 3 weeks ago. YF shot about R380
Vir R380...kry dit maar. Could save you a lot of hassle.... :wink2:
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by Mountain Man »

george wrote:We where advise the a YF shot was not necessary for Zambia. :problem:
How long is a YF shot valid for?
10 Years
Just because it says "4WD" doesn't make it an off-road vehicle.
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by george »

Mountain Man wrote:
george wrote:We where advise the a YF shot was not necessary for Zambia. :problem:
How long is a YF shot valid for?
10 Years
Thanx.Then I am still sorted :thumbup:
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

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YELLOW FEVER VACCINATION REQUIRED FOR PASSENGERS TRAVELLING TO AND FROM ZAMBIA (including Livingstone)


The World Health Organisation (WHO) has revised the Yellow Fever vaccination recommendations for Africa. The South African Department of Health has subsequently issued a statement that all travellers from South Africa to Zambia and travellers from Zambia to South Africa will now require proof of yellow fever vaccination. Previously, this was not required. All in-transit passengers between the two destinations, irrespective of the time period in transit, will also require proof of yellow fever vaccination.

The information that we have received indicates that owing to the short notice of the implementation, there will be a grace period until 01 July to accommodate travelling passengers, however we do encourage the requirement to be passed on to future travellers immediately.

Costs:

http://www.traveldoctor.co.za/price_list.asp" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by OOOOMS »

MALARIA
The Disease:
Malaria is a parasitic infection of the red blood sells. It is acquired via the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes. The ecology of the disease is complex, depending on factors such as altitude, climate, mosquito breeding sites and human behaviour for successful transmission of the disease in an area.

There are four types of parasites namely vivax, malariae, ovale and Plasmodium Falciparum. Vivax, malariae and ovale can cause serious illness but seldom cause death in otherwise healthy patients. P. Falciparum on the other hand can cause cerebral malaria and ultimately death in a relatively short period of time if left untreated. Cerebral malaria and anopheles mosquitoes can be found in most African countries.

Where the disease occurs:
Map: http://www.traveldoctor.co.za/downloads/malaria_map.pdf" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
For those travelling to many of the warmer regions of our world there may be a risk of contracting malaria. Each year this parasitic disease causes many deaths both in the tropics and among travellers returning to their home countries. Most of the transmission occurs in tropical Africa (approx. 95%) with the rest in Asia and Central & South America. Travellers need to remember that there is also a mild risk of the disease when visiting parts of North Africa and some parts of the Middle East.

How is the disease transmitted:
In the majority of cases the disease is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. The parasite enters the blood and passes very rapidly into the liver cells. After an incubation period (usually 1 to 4 weeks) the parasite breaks out of the liver and back into the blood stream. At this stage the infected red blood cell begins to break down and only then does the patient start to develop symptoms. [The disease can also be transmitted through blood transfusion, infected needles and from an infected mother to her unborn baby.]


Ages affected:
All age groups are at risk of being infected by malaria.
The main symptoms:
Initially the patient may develop an itchy reaction at the site of the mosquito bite. This is not always present and depends on the individual's allergic reaction to bites. After the liver phase has passed, the patient may go on to develop the classical symptoms of malaria. The individual will usually feel they have 'flu. In many cases ill travellers will doubt that they have Malaria due to it's flu-like symptoms.

Common symptoms include:

Fever
Sweating
Shivering
Headaches
Generalised 'flu symptoms


The amount of parasites in a patient's bloodstream will determine the level of illness he/she experiences. During an initial attack the symptoms are usually very definite and a clinical diagnosis may be quite straightforward so long as a history of international travel is obtained.

Young children, diabetic patients and the older age groups may present with changed symptoms which do not fit the 'classical' symptom picture. Patients who are pregnant or on other medications (steroids/antibiotics etc.) may not exhibit tell-tale symptoms either.
Making a diagnosis:
Although it is possible to test yourself for Malaria with a rapid finger prick test (Supplied by your Travel clinic or Pharmacist) one should bear in mind that finger prick test are NOT 100% accurate. This implies that a test might return a negative result, when you do in fact have Malaria. It is therefore important to continue testing every 4 hours if you continue to feel ill.

Ultimately the only certain way of confirming a malaria diagnosis is by confirming the parasite's presence on examination of a patient's blood under a microscope.

It is important to note that Malaria is the most commonly diagnosed disease in many African countries; it would therefore be wise to confirm results produced at a laboratory of questionable integrity. If a patient suffers from Malaria that patient's white blood cell count will increase as the body attempts to fight the disease. It is therefore highly unlikely that a patient can suffer from Malaria without an increase in white blood cells.

To add weight to a positive Malaria blood smear patients should request a full blood count (FBC). If the white cells are on the increase it might well indicate the presence of Malaria.
Protection against malaria:
It is essential that all travellers recognise that none of the malaria prophylactic tablets are perfect. Each of the drugs used have problems - either with ease of compliance or side effects of varying severity. Avoiding mosquito bites remains the cornerstone of protection against malaria. In most cases the mosquitoes which transmit malaria tend to bite during the evening hours once the intensity of the sun has lessened. At these times (between dusk and dawn) it is essential that travellers cover up well and use adequate insect repellent. [Insect Bites]
Specific drugs used for protection:
Various drugs are used to protect against malaria. As mentioned earlier none of these are perfect and they only start attacking the parasite after the liver stage of the disease life cycle has been completed. In all cases it is necessary to ensure that adequate blood levels of the drugs are maintained during exposure and for at least a full four weeks afterwards. [Malaria Prophylaxis]

Responsibility:
It is essential that all travellers realise that malaria is a very serious disease. It can kill a patient very rapidly and as yet we have no vaccine against the disease. The primary responsibility for protection against the disease rests firmly with the individual traveller. The prescribed drugs may assist but they do not provide complete protection.
If you think you have malaria:
Remember that patients may develop malaria despite having taken all reasonable care with both personal protection against mosquito bites and prophylactic drugs. The disease may present many weeks or months after exposure. Certainly the disease has been initially seen many years after exposure in some patients.

If you feel you may have malaria it is essential that you attend for detailed medical examination as soon as possible. Ensure that the medical staff realise your history of international travel to an at risk region of the world, either just recently or in the distant past.

If you return from overseas and experience fevers, sweating, shivering, aches and pains and other flu like symptoms you should seek medical advice as soon as possible. Malaria can be a serious disease if left untreated. It is wiser to assume you have malaria until proven otherwise.
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by george »

OOOOMS wrote:YELLOW FEVER VACCINATION REQUIRED FOR PASSENGERS TRAVELLING TO AND FROM ZAMBIA (including Livingstone)


The World Health Organisation (WHO) has revised the Yellow Fever vaccination recommendations for Africa. The South African Department of Health has subsequently issued a statement that all travellers from South Africa to Zambia and travellers from Zambia to South Africa will now require proof of yellow fever vaccination. Previously, this was not required. All in-transit passengers between the two destinations, irrespective of the time period in transit, will also require proof of yellow fever vaccination.

The information that we have received indicates that owing to the short notice of the implementation, there will be a grace period until 01 July to accommodate travelling passengers, however we do encourage the requirement to be passed on to future travellers immediately.

Costs:

http://www.traveldoctor.co.za/price_list.asp" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
Hi Mark.Where can I get the official release of this statement.I only find this on travel blogs.
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by george »

Just spoke to these guys http://www.travelsafeclinic.co.za/ it is compulsory for Zambia.My travel companions is going to get it now.

I also called the Zambian Embassy in Pretoria and they dont know about it :blink: :roll: :alvarin:
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Re: Malaria treatment ?

Post by Mountain Man »

I seem to remember that in the past the Zambian Immigration would suddenly have a spot check for the yellow fever vacination. Those that did not have had ended up having a major problem. So at the end of the day it is better to have the vacination and spare yourself a potentially frustrating experience. Money well spent in my opinion. The second the officials have an angle on you, they will exploit it and extort money out of you because you are at their mercy.
Just because it says "4WD" doesn't make it an off-road vehicle.
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